G3N
WASSCE · 38 topics

Arabic

G3N tutors you through the full WASSCE Arabic syllabus offline — from Introduction to Arabic Phonology, Arabic Listening and Reading Comprehension, Measurement and Counting in Arabic and more — with adaptive lessons, instant quizzes and exam-ready summaries.

Study Arabic now All WASSCE subjects
Syllabus

What you’ll cover in Arabic.

The complete topic outline G3N teaches, mapped to the WASSCE curriculum.

Year 1

12 topics
Introduction to Arabic Phonology
  • Identify and apply the sound patterns of the Arabic alphabet in prose and poetry
    • Identify the 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet and explain that Arabic is read and written from right to left
    • Distinguish consonant letters from vowel marks (harakat) that appear above or below letters
    • Apply letter-joining rules and identify the six non-joining letters in Arabic script
    • Recognize that Arabic has no capital letters and all script resembles handwriting
    • Identify individual sounds (phonemes) in Arabic prose by listening and segmenting words into syllables
    • Blend sounds into words and segment sentences into their component words
    • Recognise consonantal clusters and syllabic patterns in classical Arabic prose
    • Identify stressed and unstressed syllables in Arabic prose passages
Arabic Listening and Reading Comprehension
  • Demonstrate listening comprehension by understanding, interpreting, and responding to spoken Arabic
    • Apply active listening strategies to receive and interpret verbal and non-verbal messages
    • List familiar and unfamiliar words encountered in a listening passage
    • Use familiar words in meaningful Arabic sentences
    • Predict the content of a listening passage before hearing it in full
    • Sequence events from a spoken text in the correct order
    • Evaluate true/false statements about a listened passage and correct false ones
    • Identify key verbs and actions described in a spoken Arabic text
    • Engage in interactive listening dialogues on everyday topics (cleanliness, sport, daily life)
  • Demonstrate reading comprehension by interpreting meaning in written Arabic texts
    • Read Arabic passages actively, using vocabulary and sentence structure to construct meaning
    • List words in a passage that are familiar and those that are unfamiliar, then guess meanings from context
    • Confirm meanings of unfamiliar words using an Arabic dictionary or online resources
    • Make and support inferences about the implied meaning of words in a specific context
    • Identify main ideas and supporting details in a written passage
    • Distinguish nouns from verbs within a dialogue or reading text
    • Rearrange scrambled sentences into their correct sequence based on a text
    • Form complete sentences using vocabulary from a reading passage
Measurement and Counting in Arabic
  • Use Arabic numerals and numbers accurately in everyday oral communication
    • Identify the ten basic Arabic numeral symbols (0–9) and their names
    • Explain the decimal place-value system and how digit position determines value
    • Read and write Arabic numbers, noting that Arabic numerals are written left to right
    • Apply the rule that numbers 1–2 take the feminine marker and numbers 3–10 do not when counting items
    • Count items in Arabic from 1 to 100 and beyond
    • Tell the time in Arabic using clock dialogues
    • Engage in number-based question-and-answer activities with a partner
  • Discuss prices, shopping, distance, height, and weight using appropriate Arabic vocabulary
    • Ask and answer price questions using the structure: numeral + currency (e.g., 'How much is this?', 'It costs ten Ghana Cedis')
    • Participate in buying-and-selling role-play dialogues between customers and sellers
    • Read and respond to shopping passages with monetary values in Ghana Cedis
    • Use positional vocabulary (left, right, front, back, under, on, in) in shopping contexts
    • Measure and compare distances and heights using Arabic descriptors (long, short, longer than, shorter than)
    • Calculate and state distances between two locations in Arabic
    • Describe and compare weights of people and objects in Arabic
    • Engage in dialogue activities about personal weight and group weight calculations
Reading Comprehension and Arabic Parts of Speech
  • Read and comprehend Arabic texts on contemporary topics at lexical and syntactic levels
    • Survey a text for clues related to its general idea and how ideas connect to each other
    • Identify unknown words in a passage and propose possible meanings before confirming via dictionary
    • Read a dialogue on environmental pollution and identify the main characters, topic, and sequence of events
    • Distinguish the four types of environmental pollution: water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, and soil pollution
    • Read texts about healthy food and Ghanaian food, identifying vocabulary and cultural context
    • Follow a dialogue at a public setting (e.g., a station) and answer comprehension questions
    • Identify correct and incorrect statements from a text and justify corrections
    • Translate Arabic comprehension questions into English and answer them in Arabic
  • Identify Arabic parts of speech and state their grammatical functions in sentences
    • Identify the three parts of speech in Arabic: Ism (nouns, adjectives, names, pronouns), Fi'l (verbs), and Harf (particles)
    • Explain that a noun (Ism) has independent meaning and no tense, whereas a verb (Fi'l) indicates action with tense
    • Explain that a particle (Harf) has no meaning without a noun or verb
    • Sort vocabulary cards into the three categories: Ism, Fi'l, and Harf
    • Identify the features of nouns: tanween (nunation), genitive case marker, definite article (al-), and attribution
    • State the three grammatical cases of Arabic nouns: Nominative (Marfu' – damma), Accusative (Mansub – fatha), Genitive (Majrur – kasra)
    • Identify the subject of a sentence (Nominative) and the object (Accusative) with correct case endings
    • Construct genitive phrases (Idafa) and use prepositions (harf jarr) that trigger the Genitive case
Introduction to Arabic Essay Writing
  • Apply Arabic orthographic rules in writing and produce simple informal and formal letters
    • Apply the rule of Taa Marbuta and distinguish it from regular Taa in Arabic words
    • Apply the rule of Alif Maqsura and distinguish it from regular Alif
    • Apply the rules governing Hamza in different positions (initial, medial, final)
    • Sort Arabic words into orthographic categories based on spelling rules
    • Complete dictation exercises by listening and writing words correctly with their vowels
    • Identify the components of an informal Arabic letter: sender address, recipient address, date, greeting, introduction, body, conclusion, and signature
    • Compare a handwritten letter with an email and list their structural differences
    • Reconstruct a scrambled informal letter in the correct order
Communicative Equivalence of English and Arabic
  • Translate Arabic texts into English and English texts into Arabic using denotative meanings
    • Define translation as the process of conveying the meaning of a text from a source language (SL) into a target language (TL)
    • Explain that perfect equivalence between languages is impossible and translations convey intended meaning rather than exact wording
    • Distinguish denotative meaning (explicit, dictionary definition) from connotative meaning (emotional and cultural associations)
    • Look up the literal/denotative meanings of Arabic words using Arabic and English dictionaries or online tools
    • Look up the literal/denotative meanings of English words using English and Arabic dictionaries or online tools
    • Form complete sentences in Arabic using given vocabulary and translate them into English
    • Form complete sentences in English using given vocabulary and translate them into Arabic
    • Read an Arabic passage and translate it into English preserving the denotative meaning
  • Translate idiomatic and connotative expressions between Arabic and English
    • Identify the connotative (implied, cultural) meaning of Arabic words and phrases beyond their literal definitions
    • Find English equivalents for Arabic idiomatic expressions and explain their contexts
    • Find Arabic equivalents for English idiomatic expressions and explain their contexts
    • Distinguish between the literal word-for-word meaning and the actual idiomatic meaning of a phrase
    • Translate Arabic idiomatic expressions into English and use each in a complete sentence
    • Translate English idiomatic expressions into Arabic and use each in a complete sentence
    • Compare colour-name associations across Arabic, English, and Ghanaian local languages
    • Translate a short Arabic passage into English preserving both denotative and connotative meaning
Culturally Appropriate Communication
  • Use appropriate Arabic expressions for condolences, consolation, and loss
    • Identify key vocabulary related to death and bereavement: death, condolences, mercy, patience, belonging to God
    • Use standard Arabic condolence phrases (e.g., 'I offer you my deepest condolences', 'May God have mercy on him/her')
    • Identify key vocabulary for comforting someone who has lost property or a business: loss, patience, compensation, destined
    • Use Arabic comforting expressions (e.g., 'May God compensate you with something better', 'Patience is the key to relief')
    • Recognise common Arabic exclamations of surprise or sympathy used in difficult situations
    • Select the appropriate condolence or consolation expression for a given social scenario
    • Complete condolence messages with correct Arabic phrases and read them aloud
    • Compose a written condolence message to a friend who has lost a relative
  • Use appropriate Arabic expressions for joy, celebration, and congratulation
    • Identify key vocabulary for joyful occasions: joy, congratulation, blessed, festival
    • Use Arabic expressions of joy for celebrations and festivals (e.g., 'Congratulations on this day', 'May you be well every year')
    • Identify key vocabulary for academic and professional achievements: success, excellence, congratulations, welcome
    • Use congratulatory phrases in Arabic (e.g., 'A thousand congratulations on your success', 'We wish you more success')
    • Distinguish between expressions appropriate for personal celebrations and those for academic or professional settings
    • Select the appropriate congratulatory expression for a given happy-moment scenario
    • Complete well-wishing messages with correct Arabic phrases and read them aloud
    • Compose a written congratulatory message to a friend who has graduated
  • Employ conversation strategies and deliver short oral presentations in Arabic
    • Use interrogative statements in Arabic to seek clarification or challenge an opposing viewpoint
    • Employ rhetorical questions to show surprise or wonder about an opposing statement or view
    • Advance an argument using strategies of questioning, emphasis, and logical challenge in Arabic
    • Plan and deliver a short oral presentation in Arabic on a national topic such as Ghanaian independence celebrations
    • Incorporate relevant facts, vocabulary, and cultural context into a brief Arabic speech on Ghana's independence
    • Receive peer feedback on spoken Arabic presentations and apply improvements
Introduction to Arabic Literature
  • Define Arabic literature and explain the factors that influenced its development
    • Define Arabic literature (Adab) as writing in prose and poetry produced in the Arabic language, rooted in the concept of etiquette and cultural enrichment
    • Explain how Arabic literature preserves linguistic richness, reflects traditions, and transmits cultural identity across generations
    • Describe the historical overview of Arabic literature from the pre-Islamic period to the present
    • Identify the six major literary periods of Arabic literature and name a famous work or author from each
    • Explain how historical factors (political dynasties such as the Umayyad and Abbasid empires) shaped Arabic literature
    • Explain how cultural factors (influences from Persia, Greece, and India during translation movements) enriched Arabic literary forms
    • Explain how social factors (patronage of poets by rulers and wealthy allies) supported the development of literature
    • Discuss how Arabic literature conveys cultural values such as bravery, generosity, and wisdom
  • Identify the types of Arabic literature and analyse social, cultural, and artistic elements in prose and poetry
    • Distinguish between the three main types of Arabic literature: poetry (shi'r), prose (nathr), and drama (masrahiyya)
    • Distinguish between classical Arabic poetry (e.g., the Mu'allaqat) and modern free verse (shi'r al-hurr), noting differences in structure and themes
    • Identify the characteristics of pre-Islamic prose: orations (khutab) and proverbs (amthal)
    • Read and analyse an example of Islamic prose (e.g., the speech of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq) for its message, tone, audience, and social values
    • Read and analyse pre-Islamic prose and answer critical questions about purpose, audience, tone, and cultural values
    • Identify the social and cultural elements embedded in a given Arabic prose text (e.g., justice, leadership, community bonds)
    • Identify the social and cultural elements (social, cultural, moral) reflected in selected lines of classical Arabic poetry
    • Explain the position and status of the poet in pre-Islamic Arab society and how poetry strengthened tribal bonds
Creative Expressions in Arabic
  • Compose descriptive essays in Arabic about a person or a sentimental object
    • Brainstorm descriptive words and phrases in Arabic to describe a person who is important to you
    • Write a descriptive paragraph about a close person, expressing emotions such as love, respect, and gratitude in Arabic
    • Describe a shared experience with the person, explaining its impact on your relationship
    • Choose an object with sentimental value and describe its appearance, history, and emotional significance in Arabic
    • Connect a sentimental object or experience to a broader cultural context in a short Arabic sentence
    • Read and record a descriptive paragraph aloud, focusing on pronunciation and intonation
    • Provide and receive peer feedback on descriptive writing, focusing on word choice and emotional expression
  • Write a structured Arabic essay with a clear introduction, main body, and conclusion, and deliver it orally
    • Write a two-sentence introduction that states the main point and grabs the reader's attention
    • Develop a six-sentence main body paragraph in which each sentence logically builds on the previous one
    • Write a two-sentence conclusion that summarises the main ideas and reinforces the essay's central point
    • Use rhetorical questions in Arabic writing to express surprise, wonder, or challenge an opposing view
    • Explain how rhetorical questions change the tone and persuasive impact of a written or spoken text
    • Write a structured essay in Arabic on a national or cultural event (e.g., Ghana's Independence Day), incorporating historical facts and cultural significance
    • Deliver a structured oral presentation in Arabic on a local subject, maintaining linear sequence and reasonable fluency
    • Structure a speech with a two-sentence introduction, a six-sentence body, and a two-sentence conclusion incorporating a rhetorical question
Creative and Artistic Expressions in Arabic
  • Summarise, personalise, and narrate stories in Arabic using local and cultural themes
    • Summarise the famous Ghanaian story of Kwaku Anansi using vocabulary and style from a literature text
    • Translate a summarised Arabic story into English and discuss differences in word choice with a partner
    • Rewrite a known story by replacing characters or locations with familiar names from your own community
    • Present a personalised Arabic story orally, focusing on clarity and fluency
    • Collaborate with a group to translate a simple English local story into Arabic, combining individual contributions into a complete narrative
    • Write a summary of an Arabic story focusing on main events, characters, and key points
    • Identify the fundamental elements of narrative writing: plot (sequence of events), characters, and setting
  • Write a 100-word imaginative story using a famous Arabic quote and literary devices, and compose a five-line rhyming poem
    • Select a famous Arabic quote (e.g., 'He who strives finds success') and use it as the theme of a short imaginative story
    • Write a 100-word imaginative story based on a real incident witnessed, incorporating a simile as a literary device
    • Use similes effectively to describe emotions or events in a story (e.g., 'Her voice was like the morning breeze')
    • Discuss the meanings of famous Arabic quotations and connect them to real-life situations
    • Exchange stories with a partner and provide feedback on the creative use of similes and Arabic vocabulary
    • Record an Arabic story aloud and focus on pronunciation and emotional expression
    • Read examples of Arabic poetry (classical and contemporary Ghanaian Arabic verse) to understand different poetic styles
    • Write a five-line poem in Arabic about a real-life event, using rhyming words at the ends of lines
Oral Arabic Grammar
  • Explain the declensional endings of nouns and tenses of verbs in the syntactic structure of Arabic sentences
    • Orally compose five nominal sentences about personal experiences and explain the reason for beginning with a noun and its grammatical function
    • Apply the grammatical rule to orally compose five verbal sentences about recent community events, explaining why the sentence begins with a verb and describing its morphological changes
    • Apply the grammatical rule to orally compose five sentences that contain particles and state the grammatical function of each particle
    • Distinguish between nominal sentences (jumlah ismiyyah) and verbal sentences (jumlah fi'liyyah) and identify their defining features
    • Explain how case endings (declensions) on nouns signal their grammatical roles within a sentence
Sentence Structure in Arabic Writing
  • Identify the types of sentences in reading texts and analyse their grammatical components
    • Extract ten nominal sentences from a passage and identify their two major components (mubtada' and khabar) with their grammatical functions and declensional endings
    • Extract ten verbal sentences from a passage and identify their two major components (fi'l and fa'il) with their grammatical functions and declensional endings
    • Distinguish between nominal and verbal sentence structures by examining the initial element of each sentence
    • Label the declensional marker (damma, fatha, or kasra) on nouns in extracted sentences and state the reason for each case
    • Write original Arabic sentences modelled on extracted nominal and verbal patterns, applying correct case endings

Year 2

14 topics
Phonology of the Arabic Language
  • Identify and analyse sound patterns in Arabic proverbs, Quranic texts, classical prose, and poetry to develop phonological awareness and reading fluency
    • Identify consonantal alliteration in Arabic proverbs and explain how repeated consonants contribute to rhythm and meaning
    • Identify vowel assonance in Arabic proverbs and describe how recurring vowel sounds create melody in oral tradition
    • Listen to and repeat classical Arabic proverbs focusing on individual letter sounds, blending, and fluency
    • Compare the auditory features of Arabic proverbs with Quranic recitation, identifying unique sound patterns in each
    • Apply the rules of ahkam al-nun as-sakinah and tanween (izhar, idgham, iqlab, ikhfa) in Quranic recitation
    • Recite Surah Al-Fatiha and Surah Al-Humazah demonstrating correct application of nun sakinah and tanween rules
    • Read semi-vowelised classical Arabic prose aloud, breaking long sentences into phrase groups to build fluency
    • Identify phonological structures such as vowel harmony and rhythmic prose (saj') in classical speeches and orations
Listening Comprehension and Participation
  • Demonstrate listening comprehension by interpreting spoken Arabic directions, descriptions, and dialogues
    • Listen to spoken Arabic dialogues and accurately interpret positional and directional language (left, right, in front of, behind, above, below)
    • Use positional and directional vocabulary in Arabic to describe spatial relationships and give directions to a familiar destination
    • Share personal narratives about daily life events in Arabic, expressing emotions and personal experiences clearly
    • Listen to personal narratives and ask follow-up questions about key events, emotions, and outcomes
  • Participate in structured debates and formal meetings in Arabic using persuasive and organisational language
    • Identify the key arguments for and against a debate topic (e.g., knowledge vs. wealth, free education, student accommodation)
    • Prepare and deliver a structured debate argument in Arabic using persuasive language (اللغة المقنعة) and clear supporting examples
    • Respond to opposing debate arguments in Arabic, acknowledging counterpoints and reinforcing your own position
    • Organise a formal Arabic meeting by announcing it with date, time, purpose, and location
    • Set a meeting agenda in Arabic, listing goals and assigning roles (organiser, note-taker, facilitator)
    • Lead a mock Arabic discussion, encouraging participation with open-ended questions and supportive responses
    • Summarise the key points of a meeting discussion in Arabic, highlighting agreed actions and outcomes
Everyday Oral Communication in Arabic
  • Describe locations of buildings or facilities by giving directions or routes in Arabic
    • Describe the position of a building or facility using near and far distance vocabulary in Arabic
    • Give step-by-step directions in Arabic on how to get from one location to another
    • Use directional and positional expressions (left, right, in front of, behind, next to) accurately in spoken Arabic
    • Role-play giving and following directions to familiar places such as school, market, or health centre
  • Apply the rules of constructing clear, detailed descriptions of how to organise a meeting and a function in Arabic
    • Give clear, detailed descriptions of step-by-step preparations for a students' meeting in Arabic
    • Describe meeting processes and procedures, including how to open, conduct, and close a meeting
    • Outline the agenda of a school or community function in Arabic, assigning roles to participants
    • Use procedural connectors (first, then, after that, finally) to sequence steps in Arabic descriptions
  • Structure and present arguments in a debate and describe personal experiences with emotional detail in Arabic
    • Describe the type of data needed (textbooks, newspapers, internet) as fact-based evidence to support an argument in Arabic
    • Explain your viewpoint and the opposing viewpoint, then present evidence to refute opposing arguments in Arabic
    • Use logical connectors and persuasive language to advance and defend a position in an Arabic debate
    • Describe a real event or personal experience that left a strong impression, using vivid vocabulary in Arabic
    • Give a detailed account of a personal experience, describing feelings and reactions in spoken Arabic
  • Give denotative and connotative translations of words and phrases between Arabic and English
    • Give a word-to-word translation of selected Arabic phrases into English
    • Give a word-to-word translation of selected English phrases into Arabic
    • Explain the connotative meanings of selected Arabic words and phrases in context
    • Explain the connotative meanings of selected English words and phrases in an Arabic context
Reading Comprehension
  • Read and interpret nonfictional Arabic texts by identifying main ideas, inferring vocabulary from context, and analysing the author's purpose
    • Read a nonfictional Arabic passage (e.g., on a local industry or national process) and identify the main idea and sequence of steps
    • Identify unfamiliar vocabulary in a nonfictional passage and infer meanings from context before confirming with a dictionary
    • Read texts about self-organisation tools and describe how specific tools help manage time and tasks
    • Read a passage on the diversity of hobbies and interests and explain how this diversity benefits society
    • Read a passage on kindness and summarise its definition, giving two examples of how kindness affects relationships
  • Read and critically analyse fictional Arabic texts by examining story elements, characters, themes, and moral lessons
    • Identify the story elements of a fictional text: plot (beginning, middle, end), characters, and setting
    • Outline the main events of a story in sequence, focusing on the actions taken by main characters at each stage
    • Analyse the emotions and motivations of main characters and explain how their feelings shaped their decisions
    • Identify themes such as friendship, honesty, and repentance in a fictional text and connect them to real-life situations
    • Extract key vocabulary related to friendship, honesty, and remorse from a story and use them in new sentences
Grammar
  • Construct and analyse nominal sentences and verbal sentences in Arabic with correct subject-verb agreement
    • Identify the components of a nominal sentence (jumlah ismiyyah): mubtada' (subject) and khabar (predicate)
    • Form nominal sentences with singular, dual, and plural subjects and match predicates in gender and number
    • Identify the components of a verbal sentence (jumlah fi'liyyah): verb (fi'l), subject (fa'il), and optional object (maf'ul bihi)
    • Apply the agreement rule that a verb preceding a plural subject takes a singular form (e.g., يدرس الطلاب)
    • Distinguish between a verb agreeing in gender with a feminine subject and a verb with a masculine subject
    • Write three sentences demonstrating correct verb-subject agreement in verbal sentences with both singular and plural subjects
  • Identify and apply the three Arabic grammatical cases — nominative, accusative, and genitive — in sentences
    • Identify nouns in the nominative case (al-marfu' – marked by damma) including: subject of a verbal sentence, mubtada' and khabar of a nominal sentence, ism kana wa akhwatuha
    • Identify nouns in the accusative case (al-mansub – marked by fatha) including: direct object (maf'ul bihi), adverb of time and place (maf'ul fihi), absolute object (maf'ul mutlaq), circumstantial accusative (hal), khabar kana wa akhwatuha, ism inna wa akhwatuha
    • Identify nouns in the genitive case (al-majrur – marked by kasra) including: noun following a preposition (ism majrur), second term of a genitive construct (mudaf ilayhi), adjective modifying a genitive noun
    • Distinguish the two types of Nawasikh: verbal Nawasikh (kana wa akhwatuha) which raise the subject and put the predicate in the accusative, and particle Nawasikh (inna wa akhwatuha) which put the subject in the accusative and raise the predicate
    • List the sisters of kana (sara, bata, dalla, amsa, asbaha, laysa, ma zala, ma infakka, ma bariha, ma fati'a, ma dama) and their effect on nominal sentence case endings
    • List the sisters of inna (anna, laakinna, ka'anna, layta, la'alla) and their effect on nominal sentence case endings
    • Extract nouns in each of the three cases from a reading passage, state the case, the case marker used, and the grammatical reason
Speaking Grammar
  • Analyse the grammatical functions of the various components of Arabic nominal and verbal sentences in spoken production
    • Analyse the grammatical functions of the various components of an Arabic nominal sentence (mubtada', khabar, and modifiers)
    • Analyse the grammatical functions of the various components of an Arabic verbal sentence (fi'l, fa'il, maf'ul bihi)
    • Orally identify and explain the declensional endings that signal the grammatical role of each element in a sentence
    • Construct spoken Arabic sentences that correctly demonstrate subject-predicate agreement in both nominal and verbal patterns
    • Correct grammatical errors in spoken Arabic sentences by identifying the misused case marker and applying the correct one
Oral Reading Fluency
  • Apply reading rules of classical and modern Arabic texts with precision and at a reasonable speed
    • Apply reading rules of classical Arabic poetry with precision and at a reasonable speed, attending to meter, rhyme, and vowelisation
    • Apply reading rules of classical Arabic prose with precision and at a reasonable speed, grouping phrases for natural flow
    • Apply reading rules of modern Arabic poetry with precision and at a reasonable speed, attending to free verse rhythm
    • Apply reading rules of modern Arabic prose with precision and at a reasonable speed, using context to resolve ambiguous vowels
    • Read texts of semi-vowelised classical poetry — complex metric lines, verses, and patterns — slowly and at gradually increasing speed
    • Read texts of semi-vowelised classical prose — free-flowing sentences, paragraphs, and chapters — slowly and at gradually increasing speed
    • Identify and apply the reading rule for Alif Maqsura in classical and modern texts, pronouncing it correctly as a long 'a' sound
    • Distinguish letters whose sounds are pronounced yet have no textual representation and account for them when reading aloud
Translation and Connotative Meanings
  • Translate Arabic texts into English and English texts into Arabic using word-to-word (literal) translation
    • Translate simple Arabic sentences from a passage about Eid al-Fitr celebrations into English word-for-word, preserving the literal meaning of each word
    • Identify true cognates (words with the same meaning in both languages) and false cognates in Arabic-English translation pairs
    • Recognise and correct common mistranslations caused by structural differences between Arabic and English
    • Translate descriptive phrases from images of cultural celebrations into Arabic sentences, then convert them word-for-word into English
    • Translate simple English sentences from a passage about a nurse's daily work into Arabic word-for-word
    • Match English healthcare terms (nurse, labour ward, injection) with their Arabic equivalents
    • Construct original Arabic sentences on a given theme and translate them literally into English for peer comparison
  • Interpret connotative and idiomatic meanings in Arabic and English and explain their cultural significance
    • Explain the connotative (idiomatic) meanings of Arabic expressions such as فار دمّي (became extremely angry), لا حوْل له ولا قوّة (is powerless), على حسابي (on my account/I will pay), طويل لسان (vulgar), ضربة معلّم (a well-done job), طار عقله (lost his mind), شدّ حيلك (work hard/be patient)
    • Distinguish the literal word-for-word meaning from the idiomatic meaning of Arabic expressions
    • Identify English idioms used in the context of naming ceremonies in Ghana (e.g., 'A good name is better than riches', 'What's in a name?', 'Call a spade a spade') and explain their cultural relevance
    • Match English idioms to the religious or cultural tradition they best represent: Islam, Christianity, or Indigenous African
    • Select the most accurate Arabic equivalent for English phrases such as 'A blessing in disguise' and justify the choice based on connotation
    • Translate a paragraph about naming ceremonies from English into Arabic, preserving implied cultural meanings
    • Write a dialogue in Arabic using translated idiomatic expressions and explain the symbolic meanings to a partner
Writing — Formal Letters and Essays
  • Write formal Arabic letters with correct structure, appropriate tone, and clear purpose
    • Identify the components of a formal Arabic letter: sender's address, recipient's address and title, date, subject line, salutation, body paragraphs, complimentary close, and signature
    • Explain the characteristics of formal Arabic letters: use of appropriate titles, concise and direct language, avoidance of personal news, correct punctuation
    • Analyse a model formal letter (e.g., an official complaint about road conditions) and label each structural component
    • Write a formal apology letter in Arabic explaining an absence to a teacher, using respectful expressions such as حضرتكم الموقر and مع فائق الاحترام
    • Write a formal complaint letter in Arabic to a local official, identifying the problem, its impact, and requesting action
    • Distinguish the tone, vocabulary, and structure of formal letters from informal letters
  • Write descriptive and expository essays in Arabic with vivid detail, logical sequencing, and emotional depth
    • Write a descriptive essay in Arabic about a daily routine, using present-tense verbs and sequencing connectors (أوّلاً، ثُمَّ، في النهاية)
    • Add sensory details (sights, sounds, smells) to a descriptive essay draft to create a vivid picture of an event or place
    • Use emotional and reflective language in Arabic writing (e.g., شعرتُ بالدهشة عند رؤية الطبيعة) to deepen the reader's engagement
    • Write an expository essay in Arabic modelled on the text سفر إلى الشمال, structured in four paragraphs: preparation, arrival, exploration, and reflection
    • Choose one of the essay topics — a beach outing, a visit to Accra, or Ghanaian festivals and traditions — and plan, draft, and revise a complete essay
    • Edit an essay for correct verb conjugation, smooth transitions, and vivid sensory descriptions, then share with a peer for feedback
Oracy and Aesthetics
  • Analyse fictional prose critically by identifying themes, character motivations, and societal issues
    • Read the story 'At the Bus Station' (في الموقف) and identify two main themes such as societal neglect (الإهمال المجتمعي) and child labour
    • Create a character map for the girl in the story, showing her emotions, challenges, and strengths
    • Retell the sequence of key events in the story in the correct order
    • Evaluate the author's portrayal of societal neglect and propose two possible solutions to the issues raised
    • Write a paragraph comparing the story's theme to a real-life situation in your own community
  • Plan and write a creative story in Arabic using a clear theme, well-developed characters, and literary devices
    • Brainstorm themes and topics related to friendship (e.g., الصداقة، التضحية، الوفاء، الأمانة) and convert a topic into a theme statement
    • Use a story framework to plan main characters, central conflict, and resolution
    • Write an engaging opening scene in Arabic using vivid description or intriguing dialogue to introduce characters and setting
    • Write the middle section of a story, using dialogue and action to develop conflict, and a resolution that reflects the main theme
    • Incorporate literary devices — simile (التشبيه) and metaphor (الاستعارة) — into a story draft to enhance the narrative
    • Exchange stories with a peer and use structured criteria (clear theme, developed characters, coherent plot) to give and receive feedback
  • Recount and adapt African stories from prescribed literature and compose simple lines of Arabic poetry
    • Give summaries of short stories from a prescribed Arabic literature book using words and style from the text
    • Give a summary of a short story from a prescribed book using the author's words to demonstrate close reading
    • Adopt the plot of a story from a prescribed book, create your own characters and simple events using scenes from your environment
    • Adapt stories from a prescribed book by creating your own characters and incorporating common literary elements
    • Recite a simple modern poem of ten lines from memory at a reasonable speed
    • Compose a simple rhyming poem of ten lines on a theme of your choice and recite it to the class at a normal pace
  • Retell, adapt, and orally present Arabic stories using descriptive language and engaging delivery
    • Read the story العصفور والنار aloud in a group, correcting pronunciation errors collaboratively
    • Answer comprehension questions about the story and summarise its main idea in one or two sentences
    • Retell the story using descriptive language (اللغة الوصفية) and vivid details about the forest, fire, and sparrow's actions
    • Adapt the story by replacing the sparrow with a different animal and changing the setting while preserving the themes of responsibility and teamwork
    • Create and perform a dialogue between the sparrow and the fleeing animals, focusing on persuasion
    • Narrate the story to classmates using gestures, facial expressions, and tone variation to captivate the audience
Critical Reading of Poetry
  • Critically read and analyse modern Arabic poetry by identifying themes, vocabulary, and figurative language
    • Read the modern Arabic poem اللغة العربية by Hafiz Ibrahim and identify its central theme: the Arabic language speaking about its own richness and resilience
    • Analyse key vocabulary in the poem such as حصاتي، صدفاتي، الدرّ and explain their significance in conveying the poem's message
    • Identify how the poet uses the extended metaphor of the ocean ('أنا البحر في أحشائه الدرّ كامن') to represent the depth and richness of Arabic
    • Identify types of figurative language in Arabic poetry: personification (التشخيص), metaphor (الاستعارة), simile (التشبيه), and hyperbole (المبالغة)
    • Create a metaphor tree for the Hafiz Ibrahim poem where roots represent foundational Arabic words and branches represent literary expressions
    • Reflect in Arabic on the relevance of the poem's ideas about language preservation to your own experience as an Arabic learner
  • Critically read and analyse classical Arabic poetry by comparing structural forms, rhyme, meter, and themes
    • Identify primary themes (الموضوع الرئيسي) and subsidiary ideas (الأفكار الفرعية) in a classical Arabic poem
    • Distinguish explicit meanings (المعاني الصريحة) from implicit meanings (المعاني الضمنية) in poetic lines
    • Analyse the structural elements of a classical poem: rhyme scheme (القافية) and meter (الوزن)
    • Compare the structure and themes of modern free verse (الشعر الحديث) with classical Arabic poetry (الشعر الكلاسيكي) noting differences in form, rhyme, and subject matter
    • Relate themes from a classical poem to personal experiences and cultural values
Arabic Orthography
  • Identify and apply exceptional Arabic spelling and reading rules for words with silent or irregularly written letters
    • Identify the exceptional spelling and reading rules for words whose word-final is pronounced alif but written yaa (Alif Maqsura)
    • Apply the spelling and reading rules to words whose word-final is pronounced alif but written yaa, writing them correctly in sentences
    • List letters whose sounds are pronounced yet do not have textual representation in Arabic script, with illustrative examples
    • Practise writing Arabic words that contain silent letters, applying the correct orthographic form in dictation exercises
    • Distinguish between words ending in regular Alif and those ending in Alif Maqsura through reading and spelling drills
Creative Writing
  • Write stories from personal experiences using simple literary devices
    • Prepare a preliminary story plan by formulating the issue to address (an idea), the purpose, the plot, brainstorming, and the first draft
    • Build upon the first draft to conduct a holistic editing process, then proofread to review style and literary devices
    • Revise the story for correct Arabic grammar, consistent tense, and effective use of at least one literary device (simile, metaphor, or personification)
    • Share the completed personal experience story with a partner and give structured feedback on clarity, vocabulary, and emotional impact
  • Write a story using a famous Arabic quote as the theme, with a complete plot, characterisation, and simple language
    • Select a famous Arabic quote (e.g., 'Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave') and use it as the central theme of a short story
    • Write a story inspired by the chosen quote, developing a complete plot with a beginning, middle, and end
    • Create at least two distinct characters and describe their roles, traits, and motivations in simple Arabic
    • Use simple, clear Arabic language throughout the story, ensuring the theme of the chosen quote is evident in the resolution
    • Exchange stories with a classmate and evaluate whether the chosen quote's message is convincingly embodied in the narrative
Writing Grammar
  • Identify and analyse the Nawasikh and their effect on sentence case endings in Arabic writing
    • Extract from a passage all members of the Nawasikh (kana wa akhwatuha and inna wa akhwatuha) and identify their major components
    • Identify the grammatical functions of the Nawasikh extracted from a passage and state the declensional endings they produce
    • Distinguish between verbal Nawasikh (kana wa akhwatuha), which place the subject in the nominative and the predicate in the accusative, and particle Nawasikh (inna wa akhwatuha), which place the subject in the accusative and the predicate in the nominative
    • Write original Arabic sentences using three different sisters of kana and three different sisters of inna, applying correct case endings to each element
    • Proofread a paragraph for errors in Nawasikh agreement and case endings, correcting each error and stating the rule applied

Year 3

12 topics
Phonology of the Arabic Language — Quranic Recitation and Poetic Meters
  • Identify the famous authoritative Quranic recitation types and their phonological characteristics
    • Describe the recitation style characteristic of the authority of Hafs An Aasim, noting its distinctive pronunciation features
    • Describe the recitation style characteristic of the authority of Warsh, contrasting it with the Hafs recitation
    • Listen to and compare audio samples of different authoritative recitation styles, identifying phonological similarities and differences
    • Explain why multiple recitation traditions (qira'at) exist and how they reflect the breadth of classical Arabic phonology
  • Identify the frequently used popular traditional poetic meters and the rhyming syllables of classical Arabic poems
    • Identify the basic building block taf'lah (foot) of the popular Arabic poetic meters and describe its phonological manifestation
    • Identify the basic building blocks (taf'lah, foot) of the less commonly used Arabic meters and their phonological manifestation
    • Scan lines of classical Arabic poetry to identify the dominant meter and mark stressed and unstressed syllables
    • Identify the rhyming syllable (rawiy) at the end of classical Arabic poetic lines and describe the rhyme scheme of a given poem
  • Identify the main reasons for and against an argument or idea in a discussion conducted in clear classical Arabic
    • Identify the main idea in a discussion or debate conducted in classical Arabic (Medieval period)
    • Identify the main reasons for and against an argument conducted in clear classical Arabic
    • Use deductive reasoning to follow a classical Arabic argument from major premise to conclusion
    • Evaluate the strength of evidence presented in a classical Arabic discussion and distinguish supported from unsupported claims
Listening Comprehension — Classical and Modern Arabic
  • Identify concrete and abstract ideas delivered in classical Arabic discourse at a natural speed
    • Identify the concrete ideas (physical events, actions, named entities) delivered in classical Arabic discourse at a natural speed
    • Identify the abstract ideas (values, principles, emotions) delivered in classical Arabic discourse at a natural speed
    • Use contextual clues from interactions to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words or ideas encountered in a listening exercise
    • Respond individually and in groups to comprehension questions about a classical Arabic audio passage, sharing answers orally or in writing
  • Explain in your own words the salient points and main ideas from audio/visual material related to social or academic life
    • Explain in your own words the salient points and main ideas related to social or academic life from an audio/visual material in Modern Standard Arabic
    • Explain in your own words the salient points and main ideas related to news and current affairs programmes from an audio/visual source
    • Identify key vocabulary and fixed expressions encountered in a TV or radio broadcast and use them in new sentences
    • Compare main ideas from two different audio/visual sources on the same topic and discuss similarities and differences in Arabic
Everyday Oral Communication — Advanced Arabic
  • Describe feelings about experiences and give reasons to explain those feelings in Arabic
    • Describe feelings about a personal experience (joy, disappointment, surprise, pride) and explain the reasons for those feelings in Arabic
    • Use emotional vocabulary and intensifiers in Arabic to convey the depth of a feeling accurately
    • Share a personal experience that challenged your values or beliefs and explain how you managed your emotions in Arabic
    • Listen to a partner's personal account and ask empathetic follow-up questions about their feelings and reactions
  • Explain a viewpoint on the use of social media, giving the advantages and disadvantages of various types
    • Describe social media and its significant impact on people's lives in today's world in Arabic
    • Give a viewpoint on the use of social media, presenting its advantages and disadvantages in a structured spoken Arabic argument
    • Give a five-point reasoned argument in Arabic about the dangers of a bad habit to the individual
    • Give a five-point reasoned argument in Arabic about the dangers of uncontrolled drug use to society
    • Use linking expressions (on one hand / on the other hand, however, in contrast) in Arabic to structure a balanced argument
  • Give denotative and connotative translations of Arabic and English words, phrases, and sentences
    • Give a word-to-word translation of simple Arabic sentences into English, preserving denotative meaning
    • Give a word-to-word translation of simple English sentences into Arabic, preserving denotative meaning
    • Explain the connotative meanings of Arabic phrases and sentences in the context of an English text
    • Explain the connotative meanings of English phrases and sentences in the context of an Arabic text
    • Identify cases where denotative translation would be misleading and explain why connotative equivalents are preferable
Oracy and Aesthetics — African Stories and Poetry
  • Narrate in your own words a simple known African story, applying characterisation and plot
    • Give summaries of short stories from a prescribed Arabic literature book in your own words, focusing on characterisation and plot
    • Adapt the plot of a story from a prescribed book by creating your own characters and a few simple events set in your local environment
    • Build on a first draft of a story to conduct holistic editing, then proofread for style and literary device effectiveness
    • Narrate an adapted African story to the class, using gestures, tone variation, and expressive language to engage the audience
  • Create a short story of your own using simple literary devices of your choice
    • Plan a short original story by identifying the theme, purpose, main characters, central conflict, and intended resolution
    • Write a complete first draft of an original story using at least two literary devices (e.g., simile, metaphor, personification)
    • Edit the draft for grammar, flow, and consistent use of Arabic vocabulary and narrative voice
    • Share the completed original story with a peer for feedback on theme clarity, character development, and literary device use
  • Compose simplified lines of Arabic poetry using a modelled structure and theme
    • Recite a simple modern Arabic poem of twenty lines from memory at a reasonable speed
    • Recite a simple Arabic poem of ten lines of your own creation at a normal and reasonable speed
    • Write a poem of at least ten lines on a given theme, using a modelled rhyme scheme and consistent rhythm
    • Perform the composed poem for the class, attending to pronunciation, stress, and emotional expression
Grammar — Advanced Arabic Sentence Analysis
  • Analyse the grammatical functions of the various components of Arabic nominal and verbal sentences
    • Analyse the grammatical functions of all the components of an Arabic nominal sentence (mubtada', khabar, and modifiers such as adjectives and genitive constructs)
    • Analyse the grammatical functions of all the components of an Arabic verbal sentence (fi'l, fa'il, maf'ul bihi, and optional adverbial elements)
    • Identify and explain the declensional endings (damma, fatha, kasra) on each element of extracted nominal and verbal sentences
    • Distinguish between the effect of Nawasikh (kana wa akhwatuha, inna wa akhwatuha) on the case endings of sentence elements
    • Write original Arabic sentences that correctly demonstrate the grammatical rules of agreement, case, and sentence type
Phonological Awareness and Oral Reading Fluency — Year 3
  • Apply reading rules of classical and modern Arabic texts with precision and at a reasonable speed
    • Apply reading rules of classical Arabic poetry with precision and at a reasonable speed, attending to complex metric patterns
    • Apply reading rules of classical Arabic prose with precision and at a reasonable speed, handling extended passages
    • Apply reading rules of modern Arabic poetry with precision and at a reasonable speed, navigating free verse rhythms
    • Apply reading rules of modern Arabic prose with precision and at a reasonable speed, resolving ambiguous vowelisation from context
    • Read texts of semi-vowelised nature consisting of complex combinations of long words slowly and at a gradually increasing speed
    • Read texts of semi-vowelised nature consisting of complex metric lines, verses, patterns, and rhythm slowly and at gradually increasing speed
    • Self-correct pronunciation errors during oral reading by cross-referencing grammar rules and context
Reading Comprehension — Nonfictional and Classical Arabic Texts
  • Explain the content of nonfictional texts using clues embedded in them, highlighting the purpose and the underpinning message
    • Identify the possible meanings of unknown words in a nonfictional passage and confirm their meanings from the dictionary
    • Draw on prior knowledge to identify clues embedded in a textbook passage, newspaper, or magazine article for inferences about its general meaning and purpose
    • Identify the main idea, sequence of arguments, and the author's purpose in a nonfictional Arabic text
    • Evaluate the relevance and reliability of information presented in a nonfictional Arabic passage
  • Identify clues embedded in classical Arabic prose and poetry to make inferences about ideas and meanings
    • Identify the possible meanings of unknown words in a classical Arabic prose passage and confirm them from the dictionary
    • Draw on prior knowledge to identify clues embedded in classical Arabic prose for inferences about its general meaning and purpose
    • Identify the theme(s) and general idea of a classical Arabic poem and explain the general meaning of the text
    • Identify the theme(s) and general idea of a modern Arabic poem and explain its meaning in contemporary context
    • Compare inferences drawn from classical and modern Arabic poetry and discuss how historical context shapes meaning
Reading Grammar — Noun Declension and Sentence Types
  • Identify the types of sentences in reading texts and analyse the grammatical functions of each component
    • Extract all nominal sentences from a passage and identify their two major components with grammatical functions and declensional endings
    • Extract all verbal sentences from a passage and identify their two major components with grammatical functions and declensional endings
    • Distinguish between nominal and verbal sentence structures based on their opening element and overall grammatical pattern
  • Identify the declension of Arabic nouns across the three cases, with the rules governing changes in number and gender
    • Extract from a passage the nouns in the nominative case with their changing morphological structures and state the rules governing their usage
    • Extract from a passage the nouns in the accusative case with their changing morphological structures and state the rules governing their usage
    • Extract from a passage the nouns in the genitive case with their changing morphological structures and state the rules governing their usage
    • Explain how the declensional ending of a noun changes across singular, dual, and plural forms for each grammatical case
    • Explain how gender (masculine vs. feminine) affects the declensional pattern of Arabic nouns and their agreement with adjectives
Critical Reading — Fictional Narrative and Literary Devices
  • Explain the narration, the characters' actions, interactions, and motivations that reflect a story's theme
    • Identify as many broad themes (thematic concepts) as possible in a literary text, then narrow each to a specific thematic statement
    • Examine the role and evolution of a character in a story and explain how the character's journey reflects the central theme
    • Trace the sequence of major events in a narrative by identifying the actual beginning, middle, and end
    • Analyse the story and present your own viewpoints and judgements of the author's ideas, supporting your position with evidence from the text
  • Explain the employment of artistic and literary devices in weaving the storyline of a fictional narrative
    • Identify and explain the effect of at least three literary devices (e.g., simile, metaphor, personification, irony, symbolism) used in a fictional Arabic text
    • Analyse how the author uses dialogue to reveal character traits and advance the plot
    • Explain how imagery and descriptive language create atmosphere and deepen the reader's engagement with the narrative
    • Evaluate the effectiveness of the chosen literary devices and suggest alternative devices that could achieve a similar or stronger effect
Arabic Orthography — Year 3
  • Identify and apply exceptional Arabic spelling and reading rules for words with irregularly written letter endings
    • Identify the exceptional spelling and reading rules for words whose word-final sound is pronounced alif but written yaa (Alif Maqsura)
    • Apply the Alif Maqsura spelling and reading rules to words in sentences, writing them correctly and reading them with the correct long vowel
    • List letters whose sounds are pronounced yet do not have textual representations in Arabic script, with examples from classical texts
    • Write sentences that include words with silent letters and words ending in Alif Maqsura, correctly orthographically rendering each
    • Proofread a short Arabic paragraph for orthographic errors involving Alif Maqsura and silent letters, correcting each error and stating the rule
Composition — Expository Essays and Formal Letters
  • Write an expository essay to give an eye-witness account of events and relevant trends
    • Brainstorm the subject, relevant facts, and the basic framework of an expository essay based on a witnessed event
    • Write a first draft of an expository essay, conduct holistic editing to produce a second draft, then proofread for grammar, syntax, and spelling
    • Structure an expository essay with a clear introduction (context and thesis), body paragraphs (evidence and analysis), and conclusion (summary and implications)
    • Incorporate relevant trends, background context, and the writer's own perceptions of how the event influenced people's views
    • Edit the essay for accurate Arabic verb conjugation, correct case endings, and coherent paragraph transitions
  • Apply the standard pattern and formality of writing formal letters in Arabic with the typical layout and appropriate style
    • Write a formal letter in Arabic in well-constructed language with the correct positions for sender address, recipient address, date, subject line, salutation, body paragraphs, complimentary close, and signature
    • Use formal Arabic register throughout a letter, avoiding colloquial expressions and employing appropriate honorific titles
    • Write a formal letter of application for a position or opportunity, clearly stating qualifications and purpose
    • Distinguish between the content, tone, and layout of a formal letter and an informal letter through comparative analysis
  • Give denotative and connotative meanings of words, phrases, and sentences between Arabic and English in written form
    • Write the denotative meanings of Arabic words, phrases, and sentences in their English equivalents
    • Write the denotative meanings of English words, phrases, and sentences in their Arabic equivalents
    • Write the connotative meanings of Arabic words, phrases, and sentences in their English cultural equivalents
    • Write the connotative meanings of English words, phrases, and sentences in their Arabic cultural equivalents
    • Compare denotative and connotative translations of the same passage and explain where they diverge and why
Creative Writing — Personal Experience and Imaginative Stories
  • Write a story from personal experiences using simple literary devices
    • Prepare a preliminary story plan by formulating the issue to address (an idea), the purpose, the plot, brainstorming, and the first draft
    • Build upon the first draft to conduct holistic editing, then proofread to review style and the use of literary devices
    • Incorporate at least one literary device (simile, metaphor, or personification) naturally into the personal experience narrative
    • Share the final personal experience story with peers and discuss how the literary devices strengthened the storytelling
  • Compose, in your own words and imagination, a simple story applying characterisation and plot
    • Prepare a preliminary story plan for an entirely imagined story by formulating the theme, characters, conflict, and resolution
    • Write a complete imagined story with a coherent plot (beginning, rising action, climax, and resolution) and at least two distinct characters
    • Edit the imagined story for Arabic grammar, consistent narrative voice, and clarity of plot
    • Present the imagined story to classmates and respond to comprehension and opinion questions about the narrative
  • Write a story from personal experiences using famous Arabic quotes as the theme
    • Select a famous Arabic quote (e.g., 'The fruit of patience is sweet') and use it as the guiding theme of a personal experience story
    • Write a personal experience story in which the events and resolution clearly embody the message of the chosen quote
    • Use vivid sensory description and emotional language to make the personal experience narrative engaging and authentic
    • Exchange stories with a partner and evaluate whether the chosen quote's message is convincingly illustrated by the narrative events
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